| Resumen: | Objetivo: Estudar o impacto do nível de letramento em saúde de pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise, diálise peritoneal e transplante renal, associado aos aspectos cognitivos, adesão medicamentosa e qualidade de vida. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com indivíduos acima de 18 anos, submetidos a algum tipo de terapia renal substitutiva, há três meses consecutivos. Foram aplicadas as versões brasileiras dos instrumentos: Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults-18 (SAHLPA-18), Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) e a escala de Morisky, além de um questionário sobre dados clínicos e sociodemográficos. Resultados: foram avaliados 138 pacientes, sendo 50 (36,2) submetidos à hemodiálise, 23 (16,7%) a diálise peritoneal e 65 (47,1%) ao transplante renal. A média de idade foi 52,0±15,5 anos e 58,0% do sexo masculino. Os pacientes com letramento inadequado (51,4%) tinham renda igual ou inferior a um salário mínimo (P=0,002), ensino fundamental completo ou inferior (P<0,001) e declínio cognitivo moderado (P=0,003). Os indivíduos com letramento adequado apresentavam ensino médio incompleto ou maior escolaridade, renda igual ou superior a cinco salários mínimos e maior escore no domínio dos aspectos emocionais referente a qualidade de vida (P=0,052). Conclusões: nossos resultados sugerem que o nível de letramento está associado com a renda, escolaridade de déficit cognitivo nos pacientes que realizam a substituição da função renal.
Objective: To study the impact of the level of health literacy in patients submitted to hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation, regarding cognitive aspects, drug compliance and quality of life. Method: Cross-sectional study, performed with individuals over 18 years of age, who underwent some type of renal replacement therapy for more than three months. The Brazilian versions of the instruments were used: Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults-18 (SAHLPA-18), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) and Morisky scale, as well as a questionnaire on clinical and sociodemographic data. Results: 138 patients were evaluated, 50 (36.2) undergoing hemodialysis, 23 (16.7%) undergoing peritoneal dialysis and 65 (47.1%) undergoing renal transplantation. The mean age was 52.0 ± 15.5 years and 58.0% male. Patients with inadequate literacy (51.4%) had income equal to or less than a minimum wage (P=0.002), complete or lower primary education (P <0.001) and moderate cognitive decline (P=0.003). Individuals with adequate health literacy had incomplete high school education or higher education, income equal to or greater than five minimum wages and higher score in the emotional aspects of quality of life (P=0.052). Conclusions: our results suggest that the level of health literacy is associated with lower income, schooling and cognitive deficits in patients submitted to renal function replacement. |
