| Abstract: | A partir dos pressupostos elencados pelo modelo Heckscher-Ohlin e o teorema Stolper- Samuelson (HOS), pesquisadores passaram a buscar evidências que provassem a teoria. Comprovações a favor e contra a teoria foram encontradas. A partir disso, teorias passaram a ser elaboradas para tentar explicar os resultados encontrados. Uma das teorias que surgiram durante a década de 1990 foi a de Feenstra e Hanson (1996), referente ao impacto do investimento estrangeiro direto (IED) na desigualdade de renda. Os autores defendem que o IED seria portador de novas tecnologias para os países, aumentando a desigualdade de renda. A grande maioria das pesquisas que foram realizadas com o intuito de averiguar a acurácia dessa tese, no entanto, não consideraram os dados relativos à entrada de tecnologia via comércio internacional, o que pode levar a resultados equivocados. Em se tratando da análise da desigualdade de renda, outro problema emerge quando se examina a questão: o da forma de mensurá-la. A despeito de a melhor alternativa para mensurar a desigualdade de renda ser a concentração por décimos da renda, pouquíssimos trabalhos se propõem a utilizar essa forma de medição em suas análises. Dados os problemas elencados, este trabalho se propõe a contribuir com o tema, pesquisando a relação entre a tecnologia que entra no país via globalização e a desigualdade de renda. Para tal, foi realizada uma regressão com dados em painel para um grupo de 25 países. Com o intuito de apresentar um resultado livre das falhas elencadas, foram utilizados os dados do IED desagregado por setor, juntamente com os dados da entrada de tecnologia via comércio internacional.Para mensurar a desigualdade de renda, foi empregada a concentração da renda dos 10% mais ricos de cada país. O período de tempo abordado por esta pesquisa compreende os anos 2004 e 2017. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o impacto da tecnologia que entra via globalização nos países é muito pequeno, tanto nos países desenvolvidos, quanto nos países em desenvolvimento.
theorem, researchers began to seek evidence to prove the theory. Although many have found it, others have started to compute evidence contrary to what was expected. Theories were elaborated in order to explain the results found. One of the theories that emerged during the 1990s was that of Feenstra and Hanson (1996), concerning the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on income inequality. The authors argued that FDI would bring new technologies to the countries, increasing income inequality. Although much research has been done aiming to verify the accuracy of this thesis, the vast majority of studies that have researched the relationship between FDI and income inequality, did not consider data related to the entry of technology through international trade, which may have led their research to misleading results. When it comes to the analysis of income inequality, another problem emerges: how to measure it. Even though the best alternative to measure income inequality is through concentration by tenths of income, very few studies have used this form of measurement in their analysis. Given the problems listed, this work seeks to contribute to the theme, researching the relationship between the technology that enters the country through globalization and income inequality. In order to do that, a panel data regression was performed for a group of 25 countries. FDI disaggregated data by sector were used, together with imported technology data through international trade.theorem, researchers began to seek evidence to prove the theory. Although many have found it, others have started to compute evidence contrary to what was expected. Theories were elaborated in order to explain the results found. One of the theories that emerged during the 1990s was that of Feenstra and Hanson (1996), concerning the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on income inequality. The authors argued that FDI would bring new technologies to the countries, increasing income inequality. Although much research has been done aiming to verify the accuracy of this thesis, the vast majority of studies that have researched the relationship between FDI and income inequality, did not consider data related to the entry of technology through international trade, which may have led their research to misleading results. When it comes to the analysis of income inequality, another problem emerges: how to measure it. Even though the best alternative to measure income inequality is through concentration by tenths of income, very few studies have used this form of measurement in their analysis. Given the problems listed, this work seeks to contribute to the theme, researching the relationship between the technology that enters the country through globalization and income inequality. In order to do that, a panel data regression was performed for a group of 25 countries. FDI disaggregated data by sector were used, together with imported technology data through international trade. |
